Smallpox was once one of the deadliest infectious diseases in human history. Learn about its symptoms, transmission, treatment, and how vaccination led to its global eradication.
What are the main causes of smallpox?
- Smallpox was caused by the variola virus, transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughed or sneezed.
- Direct contact with contaminated items, such as bedding, clothing, or surfaces, also played a significant role in spreading smallpox.
- Prolonged face-to-face contact increased the likelihood of infection, making close personal interactions a key factor in transmission.
Key symptoms of smallpox to watch for
- High fever, severe headache, and body aches typically appeared before visible skin symptoms, marking the early stage of smallpox infection.
- A distinctive rash followed, starting on the face and spreading to the arms, legs, and eventually the entire body.
- The rash developed into pus-filled blisters, which later formed scabs and could leave permanent scars after healing.
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How can you prevent smallpox effectively?
- Widespread vaccination was the most effective prevention method, ultimately leading to the global eradication of smallpox in 1980.
- Quarantine and isolation of infected individuals played a vital role in breaking the chain of transmission during outbreaks.
- Ongoing surveillance and rapid response to suspected cases ensured smallpox was fully contained and prevented from reemerging.
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Image description of smallpox
Smallpox was a contagious viral disease characterized by fever, fatigue, and a distinctive progressive skin rash. The rash often left permanent scars, defining its historical impact.
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Although smallpox has been eradicated, its history offers vital lessons in global health, vaccination, and preparedness against future infectious disease threats.
